Foundation engineering is the application of geotechnical engineering for the design of foundations for structures including buildings, walls, and embankments the total load supported by a foundation obviously must not exceed the supporting capacity of the underlying soil. Because rock mechanics for the most part grew out of soil mechanics, a close relationship exists between these engineering disciplines, which now are collectively referred to as geotechnical engineering. Similarly, the practice of engineering that involves application of the principles of rock mechanics may be called rock engineering. The practice of engineering that involves application of the principles of soil mechanics is called soil engineering. Similarly, the branch of mechanics that deals with the action of forces on soil masses is called soil mechanics, and on rocks, rock mechanics. The mechanics of gases is called pneumatics of water, hydraulics of solid bodies in motion, dynamics of solid bodies at rest, statics of heat-energy transfer, thermodynamics and so on. Mechanics pertaining to astronomical bodies is called celestial mechanics. There are many branches of mechanics, each applicable to a particular kind of mass or classification of matter. ‘‘Mechanics’’ may be defined as that part of physical science that treats of the action of forces on masses.
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